Zucche – i mille volti di Halloween

Da piccolo Halloween era la mia festa preferita. Non tanto perché potevo farmi schizzare
in alto la glicemia impunemente come un geyser a forza di caramelle, ma più che altro
perché fin da piccolo sono stato appassionato di roba horror, sia da guardare che da
disegnare. Sopra ogni altra cosa, però, adoravo l’idea di potermi mascherare.

Halloween
Halloween

Le maschere sono molto più antiche di Halloween; esse accompagnano l’essere umano da sempre, nei riti, nel mito, nel teatro e così via. È il modo paradossale attraverso cui l’uomo esce dai propri limiti, in cui diventa totalmente altro da se stesso. Il momento in cui muore simbolicamente per entrare in contatto con la parte più profonda del proprio essere, come spiega anche l’antropologo J.P. Vernant nel suo libro ‘’Figure, Idoli, Maschere’’. Secondo l’autore portare una maschera “significa cessare di essere se stessi e incarnare la Potenza dell’aldilà che si appropria di voi, di cui mimate la faccia, la gestualità, la voce”.

Proprio per oltrepassare la soglia di questo aldilà bisogna trasformarsi in “quello che sono i morti: teste, teste vuote”, che rappresentano l’ombra della persone che le indossano, e che li rende “come un morto, invisibile ad ogni sguardo”.

Zucche e volti di Halloween

Queste idee, mescolate ad un insieme di leggende e tradizioni che hanno in qualche modo a che fare con Halloween, sono state l’ispirazione principale per questa illustrazione. Non mi andava di rappresentare le solite streghe, le solite zucche sorridenti e i soliti scheletri, e volevo piuttosto cercare di rendere alcune simbologie più profonde di questa ricorrenza.

La cosa più logica ovviamente era immaginarsi delle teste vuote volanti, che dovrebbero rappresentare gli spiriti dei defunti, che vengono “illuminate” simbolicamente con una fiamma così che possano trovare la loro strada nel buio. Vi ricorda niente? Spero conosciate tutti la leggenda di Jack O’Lantern, il nostro caro compagno di bevute condannato per le sue azioni a vagare eternamente nel buio, potendosi fare luce solo con una lanterna ricavata da una rapa; e non è nemmeno un caso che le teste volanti, come estetica, ricordino le antiche versioni delle Jack O’Lanterns, che poi si sarebbero evolute nelle moderne zucche di Halloween.

Ma la tematica delle teste non finisce qui: ho scoperto che da qualche parte nel Sud Italia esistono tradizioni come il “Coccalu di Muortu”, ovvero la “Testa di Morto”, una tradizione simile al famoso “Dolcetto o Scherzetto”, ma molto più antica, in cui i bambini vanno in strada con una zucca intagliata chiedendo ai passanti “me lo pagate il teschio?”.Insomma, in generale sembra che Halloween abbia a che fare con le “zucche” a tanti livelli.

Credo però che la cosa più interessante sia proprio scoprire come questa festa, banalizzata quanto altre ricorrenze più “tradizionali” come Natale, Carnevale o Pasqua, esattamente come queste abbia radici molto più antiche e porti con sé simbologie molto più profonde di quelle che ci siamo abituati a vedere. Vederla solo come una “festa americana importata” o come “festa pagana contraria ai valori cristiani” è piuttosto semplicistico.

Tra Ankou e Tom Waits

Il manifesto alle spalle del personaggio con il cappello è più che altro una presa per il culo amichevole alle persone che nella vita si rifiutano di andare oltre la superficie, le vere “teste vuote”. E a proposito del personaggio con il cappello, lui è ispirato ad un’altra leggenda celtica, ovvero Ankou, una personificazione della morte che a volte assume le sembianze di un uomo con una falce e un largo cappello; per disegnarlo mi sono ispirato a Tom Waits, un musicista che apprezzo. Per cui vi lascio con un consiglio musicale: date un ascolto alla sua Cemetery Polka per entrare nel mood della festa.

Felice Halloween!

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