Le app contacalorie e per il monitoraggio dell’attività fisica: chi non ne ha sentito parlare e non ne ha scaricata una almeno una volta? Anzi, gli smartphone più recenti ne prevedono una come applicazione di sistema, ovvero non ti concedono nemmeno di scegliere se la vuoi o meno, te la ritrovi già lì alla prima accensione, che sembra dirti “ehy pappamolla, da domani si fa sul serio”. Poi hanno sempre dei nomi inequivocabili che comprendano la parola health o fit… Ma possono davvero aiutarti a condurre uno stile di vita più sano?
Cosa dicono gli studi?
Premetto che diversi studi hanno preso di mira un’applicazione ben precisa, cioè MyFitnessPal, ma dato che le funzioni e i servizi offerti da questa grande famiglia di app sono di fatto sempre gli stessi (obiettivo calorico giornaliero, diario alimentare, suddivisione quotidiana dei macronutrienti, monitoraggio del peso e cose simili), possiamo spudoratamente allargare i risultati anche a tutte le altre app contacalorie.
Insomma, questi studi?
Un primo lavoro ha voluto analizzare il legame tra MyFitnessPal e i disturbi del comportamento alimentare (DCA). È emerso da un campione di persone con DCA che ben il 75% utilizzava MyFitnessPal, e non solo, addirittura il 73% di chi lo utilizzava ha dichiarato di percepire che quest’app contribuisse significativamente al mantenimento del DCA, fattore comprovato anche dai dati clinici oggettivi sul peggioramento della sintomatologia.
Un secondo studio ha analizzato l’impatto sugli utenti sia delle app contacalorie che di quelle per il monitoraggio dell’attività fisica. Il primo risultato significativo è che chi ha dichiarato di utilizzare delle app contacalorie ha mostrato livelli più alti di preoccupazione legata al cibo, controllo del proprio peso e restrizioni alimentari. Ma il risultato che forse non tutti si sarebbero aspettati è quello delle app per l’attività fisica (quindi col solo conteggio dei passi e delle calorie bruciate), il loro utilizzo è risultato essere già da solo un fattore di rischio per l’insorgenza della sintomatologia dei disturbi del comportamento alimentare.
Quanto sono affidabili i contapassi?
Un terzo studio ha testato l’attendibilità del conteggio fatto tramite MyFitnessPal rispetto a quello specialistico fatto in maniera analogica (carta e penna). È stato visto che la misura dell’energia totale (kcal) è abbastanza veritiera, ma non altrettanto quella dei singoli macro e micronutrienti.
Anche per quel che riguarda le app e gli orologi fitness-tracker sono stati condotti studi ad hoc.
Uno di questi ha comparato 3 delle principali applicazioni (Accupedo, Moves, e Runtastic Pedometer) che monitorano l’attività fisica a un classico e pedometro. Per l’infelicità degli amanti del fitness, ahimé, non sono risultate per niente precise né sul numero esatto di passi né tantomeno nello stimare il dispendio energetico.
Con un altro esperimento, invece, è stata valutata l’accuratezza del contapassi di FitBit, che è risultato effettivamente valido, pur dovendo adottare tutti gli accorgimenti sul posizionamento del bracciale.
Conclusioni
Un’eccessiva attenzione per i numeri forniti dalle applicazioni di monitoraggio dell’attività fisica e della dieta può incoraggiare un rapporto malsano con l’esercizio fisico e il cibo, può spingere verso un incessante miglioramento delle statistiche (aumentare sempre più il numero legato al dispendio e abbassare sempre più quello legato degli introiti) facendoti estraniare da quello che significa quel numero nella vita reale e, di conseguenza, diventare sordo ai segnali che il tuo stesso corpo ti manda.
Eppure, non è tutto piombo quello che non luccica: di fatto, il monitoraggio dei passi e dell’attività fisica può essere un ottimo modo, se fatto con cognizione e attraribuendo il giusto peso, per iniziare a prendere consapevolezza del movimento svolto durante la giornata.
È utile farsi un’idea generale del proprio livello di attività fisica. È ok chiedersi se nella vita di tutti i giorni riusciamo a fare all’incirca i 10.000-12.000 passi (circa 7-8 km) consigliati o se, al contrario, a malapena ne facciamo un decimo. Ma non è indispensabile conoscerne il numero esatto per poter migliorare, per fare un tratto di strada un po’ più lunga tornando a casa, per salire quella rampa di scale in più, per spostarti in bicicletta non solo quella domenica all’anno… Soprattutto perché quel numero potrebbe non essere quello adatto per te, senza contare il fatto che sono convinta che chiunque con un briciolo di autocritica, sia in grado di valutare da solo se sta tutto il giorno sul divano o se riesce ad avere una vita attiva.
Una taglia non sta bene a tutti
Per una volta mi sento di abusare giustamente della lingua inglese, perché in questo caso calza proprio a pennello citare il loro bellissimo modo di dire:
One size does not fit all.
Una taglia non sta bene a tutti.
Sulla scia di questo concetto hanno anche un termine azzeccatissimo per indicare il trattamento personalizzato, specie in ambito clinico-sanitario, che un professionista può offrire al suo cliente/paziente. Questo verbo è “to tailor” e significa fare un lavoro di sartoria, ovvero “cucire” un trattamento, un servizio, un percorso terapeutico addosso alla persona, ma non un modello di persona qualunque, bensì una in particolare, proprio te.
Pensi di poter ridurre te stesso all’algoritmo di un’app?
Fonti:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471015316303646?via%3Dihub
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29280547
https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-015-1705-8
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30093371
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27919170
Erika ha 22 anni ed è laureata in Dietistica presso l’Università degli Studi di Bologna con 110 e lode. Le piace il cibo in tutte le sue sfaccettature, da quella gastronomica a quella salutistica, passando per quella storica, culturale ed emotiva. Il suo proposito su Koinervetti è fare divulgazione scientifica valida ma piacevole. Ci riuscirà?
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